The phenomenon of empty stalks occurs from time to time in corn production. The heavier empty culm rate occurs - it is usually 15% to 20%, and it is as high as 30%. When the empty stalk rate is high, it has a great influence on the corn yield. In recent years, due to climate, pests and diseases and other factors, the occurrence of empty stalks in our province has become common. The rate of empty stalks in some plots has been high, which has become one of the major obstacles to corn production in our province.
According to Yuan Jianhua, a corn expert from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, corn stalks from the professional point of view is the phenomenon that the plant does not produce ear, but now the production of the plant will not result the ear and the result of the ear but the phenomenon of no grain is called empty stalk. There are many causes of empty stalks. The following are the main points. First, in recent years, the occurrence of SBPH has been large and the rate of poisoning is high. Some susceptible corn plants have normal vegetative growth and do not show obvious symptoms of dwarfing. However, they have the phenomenon of incomplete spikes. Some of them can produce spikes, but have a small number of ears and fewer grains. The second is the high temperature and drought weather during the flowering and pollination period of maize. The flowering period of male and female is not good, the viability of pollen and filaments is reduced, the pollination is bad, the pollen is abortioned, and the spikes are not normal, and there are few empty ears or grains; or even in rainy weather, the pollen case The water swells and breaks to death, and some pollen sticks into groups and loses loose powder. It affects fertilization and forms empty stalks. The spring flowering period of spring maize in our province is generally in late June, when it happens to be in the rainy season, it is prone to empty stalks; the flowering period of summer corn is generally in the mid-August of August. At this time, there is a high probability of high temperature and dry weather, and it is prone to empty stalks. Third, some northern corn varieties did not have the pressure of rainwater selection during breeding. After introduced into our province, they showed poor resistance to rain conditions, high temperature and other adverse weather conditions, and appeared empty stalks. At present, some corn varieties used in production are highly susceptible to locusts. Flowering is harmful to corn silk and affects pollination and fertilization. It is also an important cause of empty stalks.
It is also known that in recent years, some areas in our province and especially in some large-ear-type maize varieties have had a high planting density, which is also an important reason for the high emptying rate of corn. In recent years, some densely planted corn varieties such as Zhengdan 958 have been widely used in production, and the density of corn has increased significantly. Planting 4000-5000 or even 6,000 high-density plants per acre has gradually become a habit of farmers growing rice. Under such high density conditions, some high-stalked and large-spike maize varieties will be very unaccommodating. In the early stage of their growth, they will suffer from malnutrition and thin growth due to their high density.
How to prevent the occurrence of corn empty stalks? Yuan Jianhua believes that the maize varieties selected in our province have good adaptability to adverse rainy weather, high temperature and other adverse climatic conditions, and have stable yield. The maize varieties cultivated in this province should be preferred to reduce empty stalks. rate. At the same time, we must pay attention to the prevention and control of insect pests such as slugs and locusts, and reduce empty stalks caused by pests and diseases.
In addition, it should be closely planted, according to the variety, fertility and cultivation methods to determine the appropriate planting density, so that the field ventilation and light transmission is good, to meet the needs of the development of the ear nutrient. Generally, there are 4500-5000 strains per mu in the panicle type, and no more than 4000 strains per mu for the big panicle type. Balanced fertilization, the implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization, so that organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer combined, and make-up application of micro-fertilizer. Strengthen the jointing and booting period management, timely watering in hot and dry weather, to meet the needs of the ear and tassel water, in case of rainy weather, timely drainage, and artificial auxiliary pollination.
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