Walnut adopts the square bud grafting technology and has a high grafting survival rate. The operation is economical and convenient, and the technology is easy to grasp and popularize. It is suitable for planting small trees and nursery nursery. The budding technology is now described as follows:
1. Grafting time. It can be carried out from late May to mid July, but the best time is in June. During this period, the survival rate of grafting is high and the growth is vigorous. Prematurely, the buds on the scion are too tender to survive after grafting; too late, the growth period of shoots after grafting is short, the maturity of new shoots is low, and wintering is difficult.
2. Prepare before grafting.
Choosing scion: Select the buds that are full of lower shoots in the middle of the year. It's best to choose straight shoots, try to avoid bow-shaped and three-cornered new shoots, remove the leaves immediately after cutting and leave 1 cm long petioles for evaporation. It is advisable to pick and choose, but if you can't pick it up, take care of it and put it in a damp and cool place. It should not be stored for more than 72 hours.
Selected rootstocks: When two or more years of actual saplings are selected to grow new shoots, the growth should be greater than 40 cm. Alternatively, one-year-old shoots can also be selected. The diameter of the buds should be greater than 1.2 cm.
3. Grafting step.
Take buds: Take rectangular or square buds. The upper edge is 1 cm from the upper edge of the bud. The lower edge of the blade is about 1 cm from the lower edge of the petiole. The width of the petiole is the same or slightly wider on both sides. A standard tool can be used for budding, which is accurate and quick.
Rootstock processing: On the selected rootstock, the relatively smooth side is set in a good position, the lower leaves to be opened are all removed, and the upper part is left with 3 to 4 compound leaves for nutrient supply and the extra upper tip is removed. Open a mouth equivalent to the bud, you can open the door alone or double open the door. The lower part of the opening can be 2 to 3 mm more, as a sink for wounds, so as not to hurt the buds.
Stick buds: Immediately put the removed buds into the door, paste them well, compact them and tie them tightly. For Luo Guoshu, buds and doors should pay attention to good, belly to belly, back to back. With a 1.5 cm wide transparent plastic strip, wrap it up from a point 1 cm from the lower edge of the wound, and wrap it around 1 cm from the edge of the knife edge. Tightly pack the buds to prevent water evaporation and rain penetration. Be careful to reveal buds.
7 to 10 days after grafting, survival conditions can be seen, live, buds remain green, dead, and buds turn brown or black. From 12 to 13 days, the live buds are obviously enlarged. After germination, germination should be promptly removed in order to provide support.
Cut the rootstock: When the grafted sprouts germinate 3 to 5 cm, leave 3 to 5 cm above the buds and remove the rest. Put the newly sprouted buds gently on the remaining branches to prevent wind breaks. In addition, according to the growth of new shoots, timely dismantling of the tied plastic strips.
4. Management after grafting. After cutting off the upper shoots, the sprouts grow very quickly, but autumn is not easy to fall off and the greed is prosperous. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent them from freezing. In late August, fertilizer control began to prevent leggy. Pick up the hearts before and after the beginning of autumn to increase the degree of lignification of new shoots. In mid-September, when the leaves have not fallen, it is necessary to artificially promote its aging. Ethephon can spray 50ppm, and the concentration should not be too large.
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