In recent years, in some rice-producing areas, micro-storage rice straw has been used throughout the country to feed cows, beef cattle, sheep and other livestock. Generally, good economic benefits have been achieved. However, due to the high content of silicates in rice straw and the low content of carbohydrates, to modulate rice straw into edible micro-feeds for ruminants, the following steps must be strictly followed in the production of micro-slaughter: Tons of rice straw as an example).
First, the revival of bacteria: first add 2 grams of white sugar in 200 milliliters of water, fully melt the white sugar, prepare a 1% sugar solution, and then add a small bag of starfish, "micro storage king" straw fermentation live dry bacteria Pour into the prepared sugar solution and let stand for 1-2 hours. This is because the starfish “Micro Vessel King†is made of lactic acid bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and propionic acid bacteria. The lactic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria can be fully absorbed and utilized by livestock. Cellulolytic bacteria can decompose the cellulose and hemicellulose in rice straw, and propionic acid bacteria can play a certain role in anti-mildew and anti-corrosion. Because lactic acid bacteria use sugar as nutrients for reproduction and growth, the use of 1% sugar solution during resurrection can increase the rejuvenation rate of the strain. However, it should be noted that sugar can not be increased, and the concentration of sugar is too high, but it will reduce the rejuvenation rate of its species.
Second, the preparation of bacteria solution: First to formulate a 1% salt solution, the salt is fully dissolved, the resurrection of good bacteria into the salt solution. The amount of water to be used depends on the moisture content of the micro-storage rice straw. (The freshly-harvested rice straw has a higher water content, and the water consumption is less. After drying, or if the rice straw is stored longer, the water consumption will be more) The rice straw moisture content of about 55-65%. Water is more likely to rot and deteriorate, and less water leads to insufficient fermentation. The amount of salt is calculated based on the amount of water used. One ton of rice straw after drying should use 1200 liters of water and 1 to 1.2 kg of salt. This portion of salt can be deducted from the diet of livestock.
Third, the rice straw cut: to choose fresh, no mildew rice straw. In order to facilitate the compaction in the cellar, we must cut short straw. The length of straw cutting can be determined according to the animal to be fed (cattle: 5-8 cm; sheep: 2-3 cm). It is also possible to use a straw kneader to knead the rice straw and then repack it. The purpose of shortening or rubbing the straw is to facilitate compaction during storage and to facilitate animal feeding. However, for ruminants, the straw cannot be cut too short, otherwise it will cause ruminant indigestion.
IV. Construction of micro-cellars: The size of the micro-cellars should be built according to the number of livestock kept. Calculate the amount of micro-storage straw needed for livestock by one year cycle: cows, beef cattle/7-8 tons, horses, quails, donkeys/years 3-3.5 tons, sheep/year 1 tons. Generally, one cubic meter of micro-cellar can store 300-350 kilograms of rice straw (calculated as dry matter). The shape of the microscopic cellar is preferably built into a rectangular, underground or semi-subterranean type.
Fifth, cellar: first deposit a layer of 20 cm thick rice straw in the bottom of the cellar, and then evenly spray the prepared bacteria on the straw, to check the moisture at any time. Check the water can be taken by hand to grasp the method, grab the straw in the compacted straw, hand-tighten, if drip, then the water is added, if only the palm of the hand is moist, the water is added less, only to grasp the straw At the time, the fingers do not see water dripping and the water content of the straw is about 60%. Spray the broth at the same time and evenly sprinkle 1-2% of the amount of cornmeal with straw (10 tons of corn flour per ton of rice straw). This is because the content of carbohydrates in rice straw is low, and the purpose of adding cornmeal is to provide certain nutrients for the propagation of lactic acid bacteria in the early stage of fermentation of straw to improve the fermentation quality of micro straw. When the cellar is placed, it must be compacted while laying the straw, and a layer of compacted material should be placed on it. Special attention should be paid to the sides and corners of the cellar. This is because the lactic acid bacteria in the micro-storage fermentation are anaerobic bacteria. Only in the anaerobic environment can the lactic acid bacteria grow and reproduce normally and produce a large amount of lactic acid. Therefore, only the air in the storage can be discharged as much as possible to ensure the normal propagation of microorganisms and produce high-quality micro-feeds. If not fully compacted, mildew and deterioration may occur.
6. Sealing: Sealing can be done when the layers are compacted until they reach 40 cm above the pit. Put 250 grams of salt per square meter on the surface of the stock before sealing to prevent mildew on the surface of the stock. Salt and then covered with plastic film, cover soil. The reason why the cellar is pressed is because the straw will sink when it is fermented. If the cellar is not pressed, the air outside the cellar may be poured into the cellar. Before laying the soil, 20 cm thick rice straw was placed on the plastic film. This is to prevent the cover soil from contaminating the storage material when the cellar is opened. Where conditions permit, you can also use the sandbags pressure cellar.
7. Open cellar: Micro-storage rice straw is basically the same as open cellar method of traditional silage when it is opened. It should be taken vertically from top to bottom. In the winter, if the micro-enclosed feed is frozen, it must be chilled and then fed to livestock to prevent the ice from scratching the livestock. In summer, in order to prevent the secondary fermentation of micro-storage rice straw, the cellar mouth is covered with a plastic film after each extraction. In high temperature and high humidity seasons, it is also possible to spray high-concentration salt water on the surface of the storage material after each withdrawal to inhibit mildew.
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