Jiaxiang County Livestock Husbandry Joint Development Center: http://
With the rapid growth of animal husbandry and the increasing level of intensification, large amounts of malodorous gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, skatole, trimethylamine, and nitrogen and phosphorus in manure have been released during the production process. These substances contribute significantly to environmental pollution. At the same time, as the economy develops and people's living standards improve, there is a growing demand not only for nutritious, safe food but also for a clean and healthy environment throughout the entire production cycle. Therefore, the development of ecological feed has become an essential strategy to promote sustainable livestock farming and address environmental issues at their root.
The concept of ecological feed was introduced to tackle the pollution caused by livestock waste and the accumulation of harmful substances in animal products. The core issue lies in the feed itself. To maximize the performance of animals, many producers tend to increase the protein content in feed, leading to higher nitrogen excretion. Additionally, a lack of attention to mineral and trace elements can result in the buildup of toxic substances in animals, which may end up in meat and milk, posing risks to human health. Excess phosphorus, copper, arsenic, zinc, and antibiotics in feed can also lead to water and soil contamination, worsening the living environment.
As research in animal nutrition deepens and environmental awareness rises, reducing pollution from livestock products has become a priority. Ecological feed uses ecological nutrition theories and methods to control pollution throughout the entire production chain—from raw material selection to formulation, processing, and feeding. By implementing strict quality control and optimizing animal nutrition, it aims to minimize pollution while ensuring efficiency and low costs.
To prepare ecological feed, several key steps are taken:
1. **Raw Material Selection**: A high percentage of raw materials should come from certified green sources. The digestibility of ingredients is crucial, as more digestible feeds can reduce nitrogen excretion by up to 5%. Low-toxicity, high-safety ingredients are also preferred to minimize environmental impact.
2. **Precision Feed Processing**: Proper processing techniques like pelleting and puffing help destroy anti-nutritional factors and improve nutrient absorption. This reduces the amount of undigested matter in manure by about one-third.
3. **Balanced Amino Acid Diets**: Formulating diets based on the "ideal protein model" allows for reduced protein levels without compromising animal performance. Lower protein intake leads to less nitrogen excretion, which helps reduce air and water pollution.
4. **Stage-Specific Feeding**: Tailoring diets to the specific needs of different breeds and growth stages ensures better nutrient utilization and lower environmental impact. For example, pregnant sows require less nitrogen than lactating ones, and adjusting their diet can reduce emissions by 15–20%.
5. **Use of Feed Additives**: Enzymes, acidifiers, probiotics, yucca extract, oligosaccharides, and herbal additives play a vital role in improving digestion, reducing odor, and enhancing gut health. These additives not only support animal well-being but also help mitigate environmental pollution.
By integrating these strategies, the livestock industry can move toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.
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