Live-keeping cultivation techniques of mustard

The use of a seeder for broadcasting live mustard seedlings offers significant advantages, including labor savings, cost reduction, and a lower risk of virus disease occurrence. According to field trials, using a seeder can save approximately six workers per acre, reduce labor costs by 150 yuan, and minimize the need for frequent fertilizer application. Additionally, live broadcasting enhances the plant's resistance, reducing the incidence of viral diseases by over 15%. Below is a detailed guide on the live broadcasting technique: **Preparation Before Sowing** When the soil is suitable for flooding, plow and prepare the land thoroughly. The soil should be finely tilled. Large clods may cause the seeder wheel to move unevenly, leading to misplacement of seeds and inconsistent seeding. During soil preparation, apply 50 kg of 25% compound fertilizer or 30 kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu, or 100 kg of organic fertilizer. After fertilizing, spray herbicides such as acetochlor at a rate of 50 grams per acre to control weeds. It is recommended to sow the seeds 1-2 days after treatment. **Sowing** Sowing is typically done in late October. Use high-quality seeds with a germination rate above 90%. When using a hand-held device, walk slowly while sowing, applying 70-80 grams of seed per mu. Alternatively, you can broadcast the seeds manually. **Seedling Management** Once the seedlings emerge, remove any excess shoots and monitor for pests and diseases. High humidity increases the risk of disease outbreaks, so it’s advisable to spray a solution of "Killer" diluted 1,200 times. Common pests include aphids and diamondback moths. Apply 25 grams of Jiagenjin diluted 1,500 times per mu to prevent and control infestations. At the 3-leaf stage, perform thinning and spacing (for transplanting). Maintain a spacing of 12 cm between rows and 20 cm within rows. **Fertilization** Apply the first top dressing around December 20th, using 30 kg of 45% compound fertilizer before rain. In late January, apply 15 kg of urea and 5 kg of potash before rainfall. For the third application in late February, spray 20 kg of urea before rain. **Disease Control and Weeding** To manage black spot and white rust, use a mixture of carbendazim diluted 800 times and copper sulfate diluted 1,500 times. If weeds reappear after initial soil treatment, control them using grass or glycyrrhizae at a dosage of 50 grams per mu. This method not only improves efficiency but also ensures healthier plants and better yields, making it a practical choice for modern mustard farming.

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