Beef fattening is most effective when starting with young cattle between 1.5 to 2 years old. These animals should be of medium size, healthy, and free from diseases, ideally crossbred for better growth performance. During autumn and winter, it's important to deworm the cattle thoroughly. Medications such as trichlorfon (40–50 mg per kg of body weight) or insect nemesis (1 g per 50 kg of body weight) can be used. In cases where liver flukes are present, nitrochlorophenol or similar drugs may be recommended.
During the colder months and into the following spring, it's essential to keep the cattle in well-insulated sheds. Before the cold sets in, ensure the barn is properly maintained—seal any leaks, cover windows and doors, and use plastic film to insulate the structure. Seal gaps between the shed and walls with mud. On snowy days, place straw inside the shed and secure it at the top during the day. Regularly remove snow and ash to prevent structural damage and ensure proper light penetration. Keep the bedding dry and replace it frequently to maintain a temperature above 5°C. As temperatures rise in spring, gradually increase the uncovered area of the shed but avoid sudden exposure to cold air to prevent respiratory issues in the cattle.
To support efficient weight gain, formulate a balanced diet that includes more energy-dense feeds like corn. A daily feeding plan could include 2.5 kg of corn, 1 kg of cottonseed meal, an appropriate amount of molasses, 3–5 kg of straw or forage, 40 g of salt, 100 g of baking soda, 75 g of urea, 20 g of selenium-containing supplements, and 35 g of a vitamin-mineral premix. Feed twice a day—between 5–7 am and 16–18 pm. After feeding, mix the corn flour with additives and provide it. Urea and other supplements should be given in the afternoon. Provide 1–2 liters of warm water daily, preferably from a deep well, to help with digestion and hydration.
Silage should be prepared in advance and placed in the shed on the afternoon of the first day. Never feed moldy or spoiled feed, as this can lead to illness. Also, avoid giving water to cattle within two hours after they consume urea to prevent poisoning.
To improve overall health and growth, implement a structured management system. During clear, sunny days (excluding blizzards), allow the cattle to sunbathe between 9–16 pm. Use a short halter, approximately 0.4 meters long, and brush the animals 1–2 times daily to keep them clean. On sunny days, open windows and doors for ventilation, remove manure regularly, and maintain a dry, well-ventilated environment to reduce humidity and prevent disease.
As the cattle grow, their rate of weight gain will naturally slow down. It’s best to slaughter them when they reach 500–550 kg. When the weight gain begins to decline and approaches marketable levels, it’s time to send them for processing. This helps reduce feed costs, optimize efficiency, and maximize profitability.
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