The main issue with the bagging technique is that it doesn't fully prevent grape rot, which can lead to significant losses. This problem arises from several key factors:
1. **Incorrect Timing of Bagging**: Bagging should ideally be done during the fruit expansion phase, not too early or too late. If done too early, the grapes may not have developed enough to properly seal inside the bags. If done too late, some fruits might already be infected by pathogens, making it hard to control them after bagging. Studies show that the bagging success rate was only 2.5% when done at the swelling stage, but increased to 17.8% after 20 days. Therefore, timing is crucial for effective disease prevention.
2. **Improper Bagging Technique**: It’s essential to complete the bagging within 6 days after spraying, but this rule isn’t always followed. In reality, the best time is right after the pesticide has dried, ideally on the same day if there's no rain or dew. If conditions are favorable, it can still be done within two days. For large areas, dividing the plot into sections and planning the daily bagging workload based on labor and speed is a practical approach. Also, avoid spraying immediately after bagging if the solution hasn't dried, as this can cause fruit rot. When handling the bags, try not to touch the fruit directly and make sure the top of the bag is tightly sealed to prevent water leakage.
3. **Inappropriate Pesticide Application**: Spraying at the wrong time can reduce its effectiveness. Avoid spraying when there's dew, in direct sunlight, or during windy conditions. The optimal time is between 7 AM and 10 AM, when the dew has cleared, and the sun is not too strong. This allows the pesticide to work more effectively. Make sure the spray is even and thorough, covering both sides of the vines and clusters. Use high-quality products like mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and DuPont Fuxing, and avoid counterfeit or low-quality alternatives. A fine nozzle on the sprayer helps achieve better coverage and uniformity.
4. **Low-Quality Paper Bags**: While paper bagging offers many benefits—such as protecting grapes from diseases, pests, and environmental damage—it relies heavily on the quality of the bags. High-quality wood pulp paper bags are recommended, as they are durable, safe, and help maintain grape quality. These bags typically increase the selling price by 1 to 1.5 times, making them a popular choice among growers. However, some cheaper options made from recycled newspaper or low-quality materials can cause rot due to poor moisture control or contamination. Reused bags should also be avoided, as they may carry pathogens that can harm the crop. Investing in proper bags is a small cost compared to the potential losses from disease or spoilage.
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