The primary cause of continuous cropping obstacles is damage from root-knot nematodes and soil-borne diseases such as root rot and blight. However, through field surveys and research in recent years, the author has identified another significant issue contributing to these challenges. This phenomenon is known as plant self-toxicity, where plants naturally release harmful substances during their growth that inhibit their own development. These substances are typically excreted into the soil via the root system and are resistant to natural decomposition. As continuous cropping increases, the accumulation of these toxic compounds in the soil becomes more severe, leading to stunted growth, weakened immunity, and lower yields. This problem is especially evident in protected cultivation systems, such as greenhouses. For example, a tomato plot that has been continuously cultivated for eight years may only produce 5–6 clusters of fruit, even with optimal fertilization and irrigation. The plants often die prematurely. Similarly, strawberries grown on land that has been used for four to five consecutive years yield only 70–80% of what new plots produce. Similar issues have been observed in hot peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, and watermelons. The yield loss caused by self-toxicity can be just as significant as that caused by pests.
Another major challenge in continuous cropping is the prevalence of root-knot nematodes. Due to the lack of effective pesticides for controlling this pest, about 20% of vegetable greenhouses in certain areas suffer from disease outbreaks, with a prevalence rate of around 30%. Pesticides like phorate, carbofuran, and aldicarb are still used, but they are not only ineffective in the long run but also pose serious environmental risks. Their use conflicts with the goals of producing safe, pollution-free agricultural products.
Soil-borne diseases in protected areas are largely the result of repeated planting of the same or similar crops—such as tomatoes, bell peppers, cucumbers, melons, strawberries, ginger, and traditional Chinese medicinal plants—on the same land over many years. This leads to the buildup of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, along with residues from fertilizers and pesticides, which degrade soil quality significantly. Common diseases include root rot, blight, bacterial wilt, black stem, stem rot, anthrax, clubroot, and swollen diseases. Affected crops often show no symptoms initially, but they begin to decline during flowering and may die completely during the fruiting stage. These diseases are widespread, particularly in protected cultivation areas, and have become a major obstacle for farmers, limiting production and income.
To address these long-standing problems, local research institutions and farmers have conducted numerous experiments. Current solutions include chemical disinfection, high-temperature sterilization, freezing, and soil replacement. However, these methods are labor-intensive, costly, and often incomplete. They rarely provide lasting results. Fortunately, after years of research, integrated approaches combining biological, chemical, and physical technologies have proven highly effective. One such success is the soil purifier "Ye Bao-Green 4," which can break down self-toxic substances, neutralize heavy metals, and degrade residual pesticides in the soil. It also helps control diseases like root rot and wilt, effectively addressing the challenges faced by crops such as tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, melons, and ginseng.
The main reason ginseng and American ginseng could not be planted repeatedly was due to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria and self-toxic substances in the soil. This technology integrates traditional ginseng cultivation methods with modern agricultural practices, effectively solving the issue of continuous cropping obstacles. It promotes the sustainable development of ginseng farming and provides a clean, pollution-free method for cultivating ginseng and American ginseng.
Key features of this technology include:
1. Reusing old ginseng fields, reducing construction costs.
2. No need for frequent transplanting after planting, supporting continuous growth.
3. Easy to regularly add nutrients and remove toxins, promoting healthy and large ginseng growth.
4. Producing straight roots with high market value.
5. Reducing conflicts between forest conservation and agriculture, making it easier to implement natural forest protection projects.
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