First, the damage caused by pear bollworms:
Pear bollworms are a serious pest that affects a wide range of fruit trees and are also considered an international quarantine species. They have over 150 host plants, including various fruits such as kiwifruit, apples, pears, peaches, plums, grapes, and cherries. In recent years, they have caused significant damage in regions like Zhouzhi, Laoshan, and Meixian. The infestation leads to withered trunks, cracked bark, corky lesions, and deterioration of vascular tissues, which hinders the normal growth of branches and leaves. In severe cases, entire plants may die. On the fruit, there are numerous blemishes and spots, often resulting in purple discoloration, which lowers the quality and market value of the produce.Second, the life cycle of the pest:
In Shaanxi Province, the pear bollworm completes three generations per year. It overwinters on branches as second-instar nymphs. When spring sap begins to flow, the pests become active. By April, adult males and females can be observed. Males emerge in mid-April, and mating occurs in early May, after which they die shortly afterward. The first generation of offspring appears from late July to early September, while the second generation is active from September to early November. This means that during the growing season of kiwifruit, the pest remains active, making it essential to implement control measures in September and October to prevent further damage.Third, reproductive characteristics:
The pear bollworm can reproduce both sexually and through parthenogenesis. Unfertilized females can give birth to offspring, producing between 54 to 108 individuals at one time, with a maximum of up to 362. As the second generation develops, the population grows rapidly, leading to more offspring and descendants. Once hatched, the nymphs climb onto shoots, fruits, and leaves, where they attach themselves and begin feeding by sucking sap from the trees. In the fall, they tend to gather on leaf veins, especially during the late harvest season in areas like Qin Mei, where the infestation is particularly heavy.Fourth, prevention and control methods:
1. **Garden sanitation**: Removing overwintering second-instar nymphs, especially on branches, is crucial for reducing the population at the source. A mixture of 25% Jin Lux diluted 6000 times, combined with 40% thiamethoxam diluted 800–1000 times, and soft water diluted 4000 times, can effectively kill the overwintering stage. 2. **Control during the growing season**: When males emerge and females lay eggs, it's important to act quickly. Applying 40% An Minle diluted 1200–1500 times with soft water at 4000 times can help manage the population. Alternatively, mixing 40% An Minle with 70% Nano Xin diluted 1500 times and soft water at 4000 times is another effective option. If tree growth is weak or fruit development is poor, adding a fruit-friendly amino acid solution and 6000 times diluted trace element liquid can enhance plant resilience. 3. **Protection of natural enemies**: There are several natural predators of the pear bollworm, including red-spotted ladybugs and kidney-spotted ladybirds. These beneficial insects can consume up to 700 nymphs and adults in a month. Therefore, it's important to use environmentally friendly pesticides and avoid those banned by the government to protect these natural enemies. Preserving them plays a key role in long-term pest management and sustainable farming practices.Drainage tube
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