**Seedling Preparation**
**1. Chicken House Selection and Disinfection**
The chicken house should be constructed in the central area of the stocking zone, on the sunny side of Yangping. The building materials can be locally sourced, such as wood, bamboo, plastic, oil felt, canvas, or straw, to create a simple structure. The house should be oriented north-south, with a pyramid or greenhouse shape being ideal. The southern side should have an open door, while the sides of the house should be 1.5–2 meters high and the roof 2–2.5 meters high. The ground must be flat, compacted, and covered with bedding. The chicken house needs to be insulated, windproof, leak-proof, and free from water accumulation. It can accommodate about 8–10 chickens per square meter. An outdoor playground should also be set up, with an area at least twice that of the chicken house. This area should include trees for shade, a resting shed, feeding troughs, and drinking fountains.
Before use, all foreign materials—such as chicken droppings, litter, sinks, feed troughs, and brooding nets—must be removed. The floor and walls should be cleaned, the soil replaced, and then doors and windows sealed for fumigation. Use 30 ml of formaldehyde per square meter, mixed with 15 ml of potassium permanganate. Seal the room for 24 hours before ventilating thoroughly.
**2. Feeding Methods**
There are three main feeding methods: full out feeding, divided section feeding, and retail segmented feeding.
- **Full Out Feeding**: All chickens are raised together, and after a certain period, they are sold out (or quickly sold). Stalls are disinfected for one week before the next batch is introduced.
- **Divided Section Feeding**: Two or more independent houses are used—one for brooding and another for growth. After transferring groups, the previous house is sterilized for a week before the next batch is introduced.
- **Retail Segmented Feeding**: Three or more rooms are used, divided into brooding, pre-growth, and post-growth areas. The ratio is 1:2:4. Chicks are moved after 25–30 days, then to the next stage after 30 days. They are sold to retailers once they reach 1 kg. Any unmarketable chickens are discarded after 20 days. This method increases the rearing rate by 20 times the daily sales volume.
**3. Brooding**
Brooding (0–8 weeks) is critical for survival, growth, and overall health. Key points include:
- **Chick Selection**: Choose breeds like Xuefeng black bone chicken, Jiangshan white feather black bone chicken, Sichuan mountain black chicken, Taihe black bone chicken, or gold silk chicken based on local preferences. Healthy chicks are active, with shiny fluff, bright eyes, well-absorbed yolk sacs, clean umbilical rings, and no fecal adhesion.
- **Temperature and Humidity**: Maintain 36–37°C for the first 4 days, then reduce by 2°C weekly until reaching 23–25°C at 5 weeks. Keep humidity around 65% for the first week, then 55%. Adjust using sprayers or ventilation.
- **Feeding and Drinking**: Provide warm boiled water (20°C) with glucose, salt, and potassium permanganate. Feed 6–7 times daily initially, gradually reducing to 3–4 times. Use a balanced diet including corn, soybean meal, fish meal, etc.
- **Density and Lighting**: At 1–14 days, keep 50 chicks per square meter; reduce to 15–20 at 15–24 days. Provide 20–24 hours of light in the first 7 days, gradually reducing to 13 hours. Light intensity should be 4 watts per square meter initially, then 1–2 watts after 15 days.
- **Debeaking and Disinfection**: Debeak at 7–10 days and 20 days, adding VK3 and electrolytes to drinking water. Disinfect every 3 days using 1:2000 diluted disinfectant.
**4. Mid-Range Chick Management**
Medium-bred chickens (9–25 weeks) require proper feeding and housing. They are typically raised in open areas or fenced spaces. Ensure adequate feed intake, manage group sizes, and provide sufficient lighting and ventilation. Before laying, transfer them to a suitable hen house, and avoid stress during the process.
**5. Seasonal Management**
In summer, focus on cooling. Provide shade, spray water, and adjust diets to increase protein and vitamins. In winter, insulate the house, maintain dry conditions, and increase energy levels in feed. Regularly check for gas leaks and ensure proper ventilation.
**6. Environmental Hygiene**
Maintain cleanliness by regularly replacing litter and cleaning the house. Disinfect weekly and monitor for pests like rats. Keep the area clean and secure to prevent disease spread.
By following these steps, you can ensure healthy, productive, and profitable chicken farming.
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