Corn is the most commonly used feed in pig farming. However, its nutritional profile is relatively simple, which can lead to several deficiencies. To maximize the benefits of corn in pig diets, it's important to follow certain feeding practices. First, don't rely solely on corn. Feeding pigs with only corn requires about 6 kilograms of corn per kilogram of weight gain, whereas using a balanced compound feed reduces this to just 2.5 to 3 kilograms of corn. This not only saves feed but also improves efficiency.
Second, consider saccharifying the corn before feeding. When corn flour is saccharified, some of the starch is converted into sugar, making it more palatable and easier for pigs to digest. The process involves mixing corn flour with twice its volume of hot water, stirring well to form a paste, then spreading a 5 cm layer of dry powder on top and allowing it to ferment for 3 to 4 hours.
Third, always supplement with protein sources. Corn has low protein content and poor quality, so adding protein-rich feeds like soybean meal or rapeseed cake (15% of the diet) is essential. For piglets, including 5% fish meal can significantly improve their growth and development.
Fourth, ensure adequate mineral intake. Corn is low in minerals, so it's necessary to add bone meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, and trace minerals such as selenium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese to the feed.
Fifth, provide vitamin supplements. Corn lacks sufficient vitamins, so incorporating green feeds like grass or vegetables is ideal. If green feed isn't available, you can add a vitamin premix to the diet to meet the pigs' nutritional needs.
Sixth, avoid long-term storage of crushed corn. Due to its high fat content, corn tends to go rancid quickly. It's best to use freshly ground corn within 15 days, and even sooner during the summer—ideally within 10 days.
Lastly, soak the corn before feeding. Soaking helps the corn absorb water, swell, and become softer, which makes it easier for pigs to chew and digest. To do this, mix corn flour with 1 to 1.5 times its weight in water and let it soak for 2 hours before feeding.
By following these steps, you can optimize the use of corn in pig nutrition, ensuring better health, growth, and overall performance.
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