The use of non-feeding cages in calyx cultivation represents an efficient and sustainable method for maximizing aquatic biological resources while reducing aquaculture costs. This technique is now widely applied, with the following detailed procedures:
First, cage structure:
Typically, floating cages are constructed using polyethylene mesh, with common dimensions of 4m x 6m x 2m, 4m x 7m x 2m, or 4m x 8m x 2m. These are rectangular, closed structures with a single layer of netting. The mesh size is carefully chosen to prevent fish from escaping while ensuring proper water flow.
Second, cage placement:
Cages should be placed in sheltered areas with good water quality, rich plankton, and no pollution. Ideal locations include upper reservoirs where water depth is optimal—between 5 to 8 meters. If the water is too deep, food organisms may be scarce, which can hinder fish growth. A gentle current of up to 0.1 m/s is preferred. In areas with abundant food, cage area should not exceed 1% of the total water surface. In less productive waters, it should not go beyond 0.5%. When multiple cages are used, they are often arranged in groups of 5–10, spaced at least 10 meters apart, with 50 meters between groups. This setup enhances water exchange and supports better fish development. Cages can be fixed either individually or as a unit, using ropes anchored on both sides of the water body.
Third, fish stocking:
Fish should be introduced 7–10 days after the cages are set up, allowing algae to grow on the nets, making them smoother and less likely to injure the fish. Stocking is best done in autumn or early spring when water temperatures are suitable, and fish scales are tight, increasing survival rates. Before placing fish in the cages, they must be disinfected thoroughly. The process depends on fish species, water temperature, and chemical concentration. Any signs of distress require immediate action. To improve economic returns, larger fingerlings (18–23 cm) are recommended to shorten the growing cycle. Stocking density varies based on water conditions, but generally ranges from 15 to 20 fish per square meter.
Fourth, daily management:
Regular inspections of the cages are essential, with checks performed weekly. Additional inspections are needed after heavy rain or flooding. Special attention should be given to the area 30 cm below the water surface, where water rats may damage the netting.
Once in use, cages tend to accumulate filamentous algae and other organisms, which can clog the mesh and reduce water exchange. The more nutrient-rich the water, the more organisms attach, and smaller mesh sizes increase this problem. Regular cleaning or replacement of the netting is crucial. As the fish grow, they should be moved from small-mesh cages to larger ones to improve water circulation and promote faster growth.
Cages should also be relocated based on changes in water level, quality, and food availability. This helps avoid unfavorable conditions and ensures continuous fish development. Disease prevention is usually minimal in non-feeding systems, but anchor lice can be a concern. Using methods like hanging treatments or splashing can help maintain fish health.
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