In recent years, with the rapid development of shrimp farming, the demand for seedlings has significantly increased. Using earthen ponds for artificial breeding of green shrimp not only offers great potential for large-scale shrimp cultivation but also requires low investment, has a short production cycle, and provides high economic returns. The cost of setting up an earthen pond is less than 1,000 yuan per acre, and it can produce 70 to 1 million shrimp of 1-1.5 cm in size, with a net profit exceeding 2,000 yuan. This makes it an excellent option for many fishermen to increase their income. Based on several years of practical experience, the following techniques for artificial breeding in earthen ponds have been summarized for reference.
First, preparing the nursery pond: The breeding pond should be located in an area with sufficient water supply, fresh water sources, good drainage and irrigation facilities, and strong water retention capacity. An ideal size is between 1 to 5 acres, with a depth of 1.5 meters and a water depth of 1 to 1.2 meters. The slope should be steep, with a ratio of 2.5 to 3:1, and the bottom should be flat with a mud layer of 10 to 15 cm. Inlet and outlet pipes should be equipped with double 80-mesh filters. Before stocking, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected. New ponds can be cleaned directly using chemicals, while previously used fish ponds should be dried, silt removed, and then treated. It is recommended to disinfect the pond 20 to 30 days before introducing broodstock. Commonly used disinfectants include lime, sodium pentachlorophenol, tea, and bleach. Sodium pentachlorophenol and quicklime are particularly effective. For lime treatment, non-hygroscopic lime should be used at a rate of 150 to 200 kg per mu, with water added to a depth of 10 to 20 cm. After dissolving, the slurry should be stirred into the mud to enhance effectiveness. Thorough cleaning is crucial for successful shrimp breeding.
Second, collecting and selecting broodstock: Green shrimp typically enter the breeding season in late April in natural waters. Artificial breeding broodstock are usually collected from lakes, reservoirs, and rivers after the breeding season begins. Ideal broodstock should be large, plump, lively, and free from damage. They should be mature or egg-bearing females. It's best to collect them using dip nets, traps, or oyster cages, as these methods reduce injury and maintain vitality. For non-ocean females and males, individuals should be at least 5 cm long, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:4 or 1:5. Mature females will have large, dark-colored ovaries covering most of their back. When collecting eggs, choose shrimp with green or orange-colored eggs. Gray-brown eggs with eye spots indicate hatching, which can cause loss during transport.
Third, transporting broodstock: Various methods such as oxygenated polyethylene bags, live fish transport, cask transport, and dry transport are available. For long-distance transport, oxygenated plastic bags are preferred. Each bag (70x40 cm) can hold about 0.5 kg of broodstock. Fill the bag one-third with clean water, place the shrimp inside, remove air, inject oxygen, and seal tightly. To prevent punctures, cut off the shrimp’s head tip. Live fish transport involves filling the car trunk with fresh water, placing shrimp in mesh boxes, and using an air pump to maintain oxygen levels. Dry transport is suitable for short distances, with water grass and regular misting to maintain humidity.
Fourth, stocking and managing broodstock: Before stocking, fill the pond with 60 to 80 cm of water and use a fine mesh net to remove predators. Plant water peanuts 2 to 3 meters from the edge, tied in bundles and fixed with bamboo poles. Stock mature shrimp at 10 kg per mu, with a 4:1 or 5:1 male-to-female ratio. Feed with bran, bean cakes, and minced fish at 5% of body weight daily. For hatching eggs, use a cage placed at the end of the pond. The cage should be made of 0.5 cm mesh, with 30-40% of its area covered in aquatic plants. Maintain water flow and prevent predation.
Fifth, developing shrimp seedlings: From hatching to 1-1.5 cm takes about 30 days. Splash soy milk daily, and add artificial feed once they reach 0.6-0.8 cm. Maintain water transparency at 30-40 cm by adding manure. Regularly add fresh water to regulate water quality.
Sixth, harvesting and transporting seedlings: Use dip nets with 40-mesh to catch shrimp, ensuring gentle handling. Transport using oxygenated plastic bags or barrels. Adjust water temperature gradually when releasing seedlings to improve survival rates. Place them in sheltered areas and provide initial feeding to help them adapt.
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