In recent years, with the rapid growth of shrimp farming, the demand for seedlings has significantly increased. Using earthen ponds for artificial breeding of green shrimp not only offers potential for large-scale production but also requires low investment, has a short production cycle, and delivers high economic returns. The cost of setting up an earthen pond is less than 1,000 yuan per acre, and it can produce 70 to 1 million 1-1.5 cm shrimp, yielding a net profit of over 2,000 yuan. This makes it an excellent option for many fish farmers looking to increase their income. Based on several years of practical experience, the artificial breeding techniques for earthen pond shrimp have been summarized for reference.
First, preparing the nursery pond is essential. The breeding pond should be located in an area with sufficient water supply, fresh water sources, and proper drainage and irrigation systems. A suitable size is 1 to 5 acres, with a depth of 1.5 meters and a water depth of 1 to 1.2 meters. The pond slope should be steep, with a ratio of 2.5 to 3:1. The bottom should be flat, with a mud layer of 10 to 15 cm. Inlet and outlet pipes should be fitted with double 80-mesh sieves to prevent unwanted organisms from entering.
Before stocking broodstock, the pond must be thoroughly disinfected. Newly dug ponds can be cleaned directly using chemicals, while previously used fish ponds should be dried and silt removed before disinfection. Disinfection should be done 20 to 30 days before introducing the broodstock. Common disinfectants include lime, sodium pentachlorophenol, tea, and bleach. Sodium pentachlorophenol and quicklime are particularly effective. For sodium pentachlorophenol, 1.5 to 2 kg per acre is recommended, mixed into 30 to 40 cm of water. For lime, 150 to 200 kg per mu is needed, with water added to create a slurry that is spread across the pond and mixed with the mud for better results. Proper disinfection is crucial for successful shrimp breeding.
Second, collecting and selecting broodstock is important. Green shrimp typically enter the breeding season in late April in natural waters. Artificial breeding broodstock is usually collected from lakes, reservoirs, or rivers. Ideal broodstock should be large, plump, active, and free from damage. It's best to collect them using dip nets, traps, or cages to minimize injury and ensure strong vitality. Males and females should be selected based on size (at least 5 cm) and a ratio of 1:4 or 1:5. Female ovaries should be mature or nearly mature, covering most of the back and appearing brown in color. When collecting eggs, choose shrimp with green or orange-colored eggs; gray-brown eggs with eye spots indicate hatching and are harder to handle.
Third, transporting broodstock is critical. Various methods such as oxygenated plastic bags, live fish transport, and dry transport can be used depending on the distance. Oxygenated plastic bags are ideal for long-distance transport. Each bag should be 70 x 40 cm, filled with clean water (one-third full), then the shrimp are placed inside, air is removed, and oxygen is injected. The bag is sealed and packed for shipment. To prevent punctures, the shrimp’s heads should be trimmed. Live fish vehicles are suitable for medium distances, using fine mesh boxes and oxygen pumps. Dry transport is appropriate for shorter distances, using baskets or buckets with fresh water grass to maintain humidity.
Fourth, after stocking, the pond should be prepared by filling it with 60 to 80 cm of water and cleaning it with a polyethylene net to remove predators. Water peanuts should be planted near the edges to provide attachment points for the broodstock. Broodstock are stocked at 10 kg per mu, with a male-to-female ratio of 4:1 or 5:1. Feeding includes bran, bean cakes, and minced fish, at about 5% of their body weight daily. During the hatching stage, fresh water is added weekly to adjust water quality.
Fifth, when hatching eggs, egg-carrying shrimp are placed in cages for optimal hatching. Cages are made of 0.5 cm mesh, with 30-40% of the space occupied by aquatic plants. Eggs are fed bran and fish meal, with 3-4% of their weight daily. After hatching, young shrimp are moved to the nursery pond for further growth.
Sixth, once the shrimp reach 1-1.5 cm, they are harvested using dip nets or traps. Transport is done via oxygenated plastic bags or barrels, with careful attention to temperature and water quality. Upon arrival, the shrimp are acclimated gradually to the new environment to improve survival rates. These steps ensure efficient and sustainable shrimp farming.
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