Yining County has extensively cultivated jujube trees, but in recent winters, heavy snowfall has caused serious damage. When the snow melts in spring, the trunk area just below the snow line—about 20 cm above the ground—gets soaked from melting snow, wind, and moisture, leading to rotting. This damages the tree’s conducting tissues, causing the trunk to dry out and eventually die, resulting in significant losses for fruit growers. Many farmers are hesitant to expand their jujube plantations due to concerns about bark cracking and sap loss.
In recent years, when establishing new jujube orchards, we have adopted a protective method using plastic film at an early stage, which has proven highly effective. Here's a detailed explanation of the causes and solutions:
**First, the Causes**
1. **Climate Factors**: Yining County enjoys favorable climatic conditions, with an annual accumulated temperature of 3400°C above 10°C, 2800 hours of sunlight per year, annual rainfall under 600 mm, and a frost-free period of 168 days. The maximum snow depth reaches about 27 cm in January, making winter conditions particularly harsh for young trees.
2. **Variety Factors**: The main varieties grown in the county are Zanhuang Dazao and Lizao. After evaluating different varieties, it was found that both suffer similar levels of damage during snowmelt.
3. **Topography and Soil Factors**: Orchards located on higher ground with good ventilation and light exposure tend to have faster snow melt in spring, reducing the risk of trunk splitting. In contrast, low-lying, moist, and windy areas often experience ice formation on the ground after snow melts, leading to severe trunk damage around 20 cm below the snow line. As a result, the conducting tissues are blocked, and trees die. Even if they recover, branches regrow and may flower, but in some cases, fruits fail to mature, greatly affecting the income of local fruit farmers.
**Second, the Measures Taken**
1. **Strengthen Field Management**: Timely pruning and cultivating strong, healthy trees are essential. In autumn, we apply pesticides to the soil and trunks to prevent pests like fly dust from laying eggs and damaging the bark.
2. **Plastic Film Protection**: Before the snow falls in winter, we wrap the trunks with plastic film (cut into 3 cm wide, 1-meter-long strips) at a height of 25–30 cm above the ground. The wrapping must be tight to prevent the bark from getting soaked when the snow melts. Once the snow thaws in spring, the film is removed and the area is sprayed with fungicides. This method is used continuously for two years during the tree’s early growth stages. After three years, the trunk becomes thicker and more resilient, and the bark no longer cracks easily.
3. **Summary**: Before developing large-scale jujube gardens, we tried using flax and waste cloth strips for protection, but the results were unsatisfactory. Burying soil around the trunks also led to branch breakage, causing further damage. Since the introduction of plastic film wrapping technology in 2002, the development of jujube orchards has significantly improved, with better survival rates and higher yields.
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