First, Seedbed Preparation
Selecting a suitable seedbed is crucial for successful rice cultivation. Choose new plots with high elevation, good drainage, rich and slightly acidic soil, and avoid areas where vegetables have been grown recently or where ash residue is present. The land should be cultivated for 2-3 years to ensure fertility. Organic fertilizer is the primary choice for seedbed preparation. It is recommended to till the soil 2-3 times 20-30 days before sowing. In addition to farmyard manure, apply 40-50 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 15-20 kg of potassium fertilizer per acre. Three to four days before planting, dig ditches with a width of about 1.2 meters and a height of 10 cm. The surface should be smooth and fine, and proper drainage channels must be established around the bed. The soil in the ditches should be finely sifted and mixed with the topsoil. To enhance disinfection, pH adjustment, and nutrient content, after initial fertilization and plowing, apply 2.5 kg of a general-purpose agent per bag (covering 12.5 kg) or mix 1.5 kg of Zhuang Ling agent with 18.5 kg of sifted soil, evenly spread over 20 square meters of the seedbed. Mix thoroughly and scratch the surface before watering and sowing. After sowing, cover the seeds with regular soil without using any strong agents.
Second, Sowing Date
The ideal time to sow mid-season rice is between mid-April and late April. Temperature control is essential: before the film is removed, the temperature should not exceed 35°C. Before the first leaf appears, it should not go above 25°C. During the one-leaf-one-heart stage to two-leaf-one-heart stage, the ideal temperature is around 20°C. If temperatures rise above this, the film should be lifted to allow air circulation and cooling. At the second-leaf stage, seedlings begin to grow. On sunny days, the film should be removed 3-5 days before transplanting. Water management: keep the soil moist on the surface before the two-leaf stage but avoid excessive watering. When seedlings start to weaken, water them appropriately. At the two-leaf stage, apply 6-7.5 grams of urea per square meter. Pest control: during the second-leaf stage, use 1 kg of anti-dry fungus or 1000 g of enemy cough to prevent leaf blight. For long-lasting or weak tiller varieties, spray 150-200 ppm paclobutrazol at the one-leaf-one-heart stage.
Third, Transplanting Time
Mid-season rice should be transplanted early to ensure sufficient growth time. Proper timing helps the plants develop strong roots and healthy shoots before the warmer months arrive.
Fourth, Fertilization
Fertilization involves applying basal fertilizer, followed by timely topdressing. A common ratio is 6-7:3-4 for base fertilizer. Additional fertilizers for panicle development and grain filling are also important. Water management is key: during the early stages, maintain shallow water levels. Keep the soil moist during the booting and flowering phases. When the number of stems approaches the desired panicle count, allow the field to dry until the soil is firm underfoot and cracks appear. Then, re-water and expose the field to sunlight. Weed control is necessary; manually remove weeds or use herbicides 1-2 times in the early stages. In the middle and later stages, monitor and manage pests such as rice thrips, aphids, and leaffolders, as well as diseases like sheath blight and leaf blight.
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