In recent years, the breeding of Chinese sturgeon in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, has experienced remarkable growth. Currently, the number of farmed fish in the city exceeds 15 million, with an annual output of over 6,000 tons and a value surpassing 300 million yuan. This industry has become a key pillar of the local aquaculture sector. Despite criticisms about greenhouse farming—such as lower product quality and frequent use of medications—it remains popular due to its short cultivation cycle, low production costs, and broad market demand. Greenhouse farming now accounts for more than 80% of sturgeon culture in the region and continues to expand.
This success is partly due to the adoption of pollution-free, healthy breeding techniques within greenhouses. As long as farmers strictly follow the guidelines for pollution-free aquaculture, including prohibiting the use of illegal drugs and using inputs scientifically, the final products can meet high-quality standards and gain market acceptance. In fact, the price of greenhouse-raised Chinese sturgeon has also been on the rise in recent years.
The non-environmental pollution breeding technology in Jinhua includes strict environmental requirements. Breeding bases must comply with GB/T 18407.4 standards, ensuring quiet locations with clean water and no nearby pollution sources. Aquaculture water should meet NY5051 regulations.
Greenhouse and pond construction must adhere to building codes, with good insulation, heating, aeration, and drainage systems. Typical facilities include 10,000 square meters of space equipped with three 0.5-ton boilers, ten 2.2 kW oxygen aerators, two pellet feeders, and a 150 cubic meter heating pool, along with a 200-square-meter management room.
Aquaculture ponds are designed according to the natural habits of Chinese sturgeon. Each pond is 15–20 square meters, with a depth of 0.6 meters. The walls slope inward by 8–10 cm to prevent escape. A feeding table made of wood or cement boards is submerged 15 cm underwater. A multi-layered net bag is placed in the pond to provide hiding spots for the fish, arranged diagonally with specific spacing to ensure comfort and safety.
Egg selection involves choosing eggs weighing 3–5 grams, with clear outlines and a pale yellow or light red color. After incubation under controlled conditions (30–31°C, 85% humidity), hatching occurs within 40–45 days. Proper care during hatching includes regular watering, ventilation, and predator control.
Before stocking, young fish are rinsed and disinfected using lime or bleach. Only healthy, injury-free juveniles weighing over 3 grams are selected. They are bathed in potassium permanganate for 20 minutes before being placed in fortified larval water for one hour.
Feeding follows strict guidelines from NY5072 and SC/T1047, avoiding hormones and artificial colors. Feed is given at 5–8% of body weight daily, in soft pellets distributed three times a day. Daily management includes checking feeding, inspecting anti-escape measures, observing fish behavior, removing waste, and maintaining water quality logs.
Water quality is managed by changing 1/3 of the water monthly, keeping it slightly alkaline with a transparency of 25–35 cm. After each water change, microbial preparations are added to maintain balance.
Disease prevention emphasizes ecological methods, using biological agents and herbal medicines. Fishery drugs are strictly regulated, with no prohibited substances allowed. Withdrawal periods are followed carefully after any drug use.
Harvesting occurs twice: the first when 35% of the fish reach 0.35 kg, and the second two months later. This ensures consistent supply and quality.
Overall, pollution-free aquaculture in Jinhua not only focuses on technical standards but also implements standardized management practices. A quality control system, including detailed records of inputs like seeds, feed, and medicines, ensures the successful application of these sustainable techniques.
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