Occurrence and Prevention of Potato Late Blight

Potato late blight is a serious fungal disease that affects potato crops, causing significant damage to leaves, stems, and tubers, ultimately leading to reduced yield and quality. The symptoms on the leaves begin as water-soaked, yellow-brown lesions along the leaf margins. Under moist conditions, these lesions rapidly expand into large, irregular spots. The edges of the lesions are not clearly defined, and white mold often appears on the underside of the leaves. On the stems, the disease causes brown, sunken spots that also develop white mold when wet. In severe cases, the infected plants may wilt quickly. The tubers can show brown, sunken spots, with internal tissues turning brown and necrotic. There is no clear boundary between healthy and diseased tissue, making the tubers unsuitable for consumption. When the soil dries, the affected areas become dry and rot. The disease spreads through spores that overwinter in infected potato tubers and are spread by wind and rain. It thrives under specific environmental conditions: temperatures between 18-22°C, high relative humidity (over 95%) for extended periods, or large temperature fluctuations between day and night. The occurrence of the disease is closely related to farming practices. Poorly managed fields, such as those in low-lying areas with heavy soils, excessive plant density, overuse of nitrogen fertilizer, or poor drainage, are more susceptible to infection. To manage potato late blight, several control measures can be implemented. First, it is important to select and cultivate resistant potato varieties suited to the local environment. Second, use certified disease-free or virus-free seed potatoes, and consider treating them with warm water: soak in 45°C water for one minute, then in 60°C water for 15 minutes to reduce pathogen load. Third, choose well-drained, elevated planting sites with loose, fertile sandy loam soil. Practice proper field management by avoiding overcrowding, reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, and increasing potassium levels to strengthen plant resistance. Fourth, during the early stages of the disease, remove the central infected plants promptly. Fungicides such as 58% Ridomil Gold wettable powder diluted 500–600 times per mu, 53% Jin Ridomil Water Dispersible Granules at 500–600 times, or 80% Mancozeb Zinc Wettable Powder at 500 times can be applied. Spray every 7–10 days, repeating 3–4 times for effective control.

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