In the cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus* (oyster mushrooms), the use of arable soil as a growing medium has proven to be a highly effective technique. This method results in larger, more robust mushrooms with shorter stems, thick caps, vibrant color, and enhanced flavor. Compared to traditional methods, this approach can boost yield by 30% to 50% without requiring significant additional investment, making it a valuable technological advancement in mushroom farming.
**1. Theoretical Basis**
Water management plays a crucial role in achieving high yields and superior quality in oyster mushroom cultivation. It involves careful control of moisture levels in the growing medium, the surrounding environment, during fruiting, and throughout the growth cycle. Soil-based cultivation offers greater flexibility in regulating humidity, helping to prevent issues like excessive dryness or over-saturation.
**2. Selection of Covering Material**
The ideal covering material should have a loose texture, good porosity, and strong water retention capacity. A heavy loam soil with a high organic matter content, slightly alkaline, and free from clods, sand, or raw earth is preferred. To enhance the soil's quality, you can prepare it by collecting topsoil from vegetable gardens or riverbanks within a 20 cm depth. After crushing and removing plant debris and stones, mix in 10% wood ash, 10% cottonseed husk, 2% superphosphate, 0.2% urea, 3% lime powder, and 1% salt. Then spray the mixture with 500 times diluted chlorothalonil and 1500 times diluted dichlorvos. Cover and let it rest for two days before use.
**3. Covering Method**
The most commonly used technique is the flat cover method using a boring machine. Once the *Pleurotus ostreatus* bags are fully colonized and matured, arrange them on the cultivation site in rows spaced 1.2 meters apart. Dig beds 20 cm deep, loosen the soil, and sprinkle a small amount of lime powder. Disinfect the area with dichlorvos and formaldehyde. Cut open the mushroom bags, place the inoculation face up vertically on the bed, spacing them 5 cm apart. Cover with the prepared soil to a depth of 2 cm, then flood-irrigate to ensure proper moisture absorption. Finally, cover the area with a layer of compost or mulch, and proceed with regular management.
This process typically leads to fruiting within 7 days. During the mushrooming phase, maintain consistent soil moisture. Adjust watering based on temperature, ventilation, and fruiting conditions. Avoid spraying water before the mushrooms start to appear, as this may lead to contamination or poor development.
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