In the cultivation of *Pleurotus ostreatus*, the application of arable soil techniques has proven to be a game-changer. This method results in larger, more robust mushrooms with shorter stems, thick caps, vibrant colors, and enhanced flavor. The yield can typically increase by 30% to 50%, without requiring additional investment. It is a practical and innovative approach that improves both productivity and quality in oyster mushroom farming.
**1. Theoretical Basis**
Water management plays a critical role in achieving high yields and superior quality in *Pleurotus ostreatus* cultivation. It involves controlling moisture levels in the growing medium, maintaining proper humidity in the environment, managing water during fruiting, and adjusting moisture throughout the growth cycle. Soil-covered cultivation offers greater flexibility in moisture control, helping to prevent issues like excessive dryness or over-humidity, which can negatively affect mushroom development.
**2. Selection of Covering Material**
The ideal covering material should have a loose texture, good porosity, and strong water retention. A heavy loam soil with high organic matter content, slightly alkaline, and free from clods, sand, or raw soil is preferable. To enhance the soil’s quality, you can prepare it by collecting topsoil from vegetable gardens or riverbanks within 20 cm of the surface. After crushing and removing debris, mix in 10% plant ash, 10% cottonseed husks, 2% superphosphate, 0.2% urea, 3% lime powder, and 1% salt. Then spray a solution of chlorothalonil (500 times diluted) and dichlorvos (1500 times diluted). Seal the mixture with a plastic sheet for two days before use.
**3. Covering Method**
A common technique is the "flat cover method" using a boring machine. Once the *Pleurotus ostreatus* bags are fully matured, arrange them in the cultivation area, spacing them 1.2 meters apart. Dig trenches about 20 cm deep, and at the end, sprinkle a small amount of lime powder and disinfect with dichlorvos and formaldehyde. Remove the bags, cut them open, and place the inoculated side up on the bed, leaving 5 cm between each. Cover with the prepared soil until it reaches a thickness of 2 cm. Then perform a flood irrigation to ensure the soil is fully moistened. Finally, cover the beds with a layer of compost or straw, and proceed with regular management.
This method usually leads to fruiting within 7 days. During the mushrooming phase, it's essential to maintain consistent soil moisture. Adjust watering based on temperature, air circulation, and the stage of fruiting. It's best to avoid direct spraying before the mushrooms start to emerge, as this can lead to contamination or uneven growth.
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