From 2005 to 2006, the author conducted wild-breeding experiments on the surface of Wugou River in Guangming Village, Dagang Town, Yandu District, Yancheng City. The project yielded significant economic benefits and is now being reported in detail.
**I. Experimental Conditions**
The test site was a previously unused river with a calm environment and easy management. The river was approximately 15 to 21 meters wide and 600 meters long, with a water area of about 15 mu at normal water levels. The water quality met the standards of NY5051-2002, free from industrial and agricultural pollution. The embankments were solid and not prone to flooding or other disasters. The riverbed was relatively flat, with a small variation in water level between seasons—no more than 0.5 meters. During the breeding season, the water depth ranged from 1.5 to 2 meters, and the flow rate was less than 5 cm/s. Before stocking, the levees were reinforced, and black-leaf algae and water hyacinths were planted, covering about 50% of the water surface. One end of the river had a levee, while the other end featured a barrage with floating gates that could be manually operated.
**II. Source of Fingerlings and Stocking**
The fingerlings were collected from natural waters in early May, with sizes ranging from 30.5g to 45g per fish, averaging 40g. They were healthy, disease-free, and showed no signs of injury. A total of 10,000 fingerlings were stocked, along with 3,000 adult fish of another species, averaging 100g each.
**III. Feeding Management**
During the early breeding period, the main feed consisted of fresh small fish, supplemented with animal by-products, cockroach meal, and compound feed. In the later stages, frozen sea fish was used. The daily feeding amount varied depending on fish type and water conditions. From May to June, the feeding rate was 5%, rising to 9% in July and August, then dropping to 5% in September. From October to April, it ranged between 0.5% and 4%. Summer and autumn were critical for growth, so maintaining a steady feed supply was essential.
**IV. Routine Management**
A dedicated person monitored the estuary. Special attention was given to checking the fencing equipment during the early stocking phase and before fishing. The floating net doors were kept about 0.5m above the water surface. Adjustments were made when weather changed or flooding occurred. Regular cleaning of the nets ensured smooth water flow. The natural environment was favorable, and diseases were rare. However, disease prevention was still important. Seedlings were soaked in a 10 mg/L potassium permanganate solution for 5 minutes. Before stocking, bait bags were prepared as a preventive measure.
**V. Harvesting Adult Fish**
Black bream were caught using hook fishing, traps, and large nets. For this experiment, fish were first captured in a net in late March and then harvested by draining the pond. Due to their tendency to burrow in mud, multiple captures were needed. The fish were temporarily kept in cages or buckets before being shipped, with smaller ones sorted out.
**VI. Test Results**
1. A total of 3,298.4 kg of Chinese wolfberry were harvested, with an average weight of 0.62 kg per fish and a survival rate of 53.2%. Polycultured fish weighed 3,283.2 kg, averaging 1.2 kg per fish, with a survival rate of 91.2%.
2. Total output value reached 61,900 RMB, with 48,156.64 RMB from the Chinese wolfberry (14.6 RMB/kg) and 13,789.44 RMB from other species (4.2 RMB/kg).
3. Total costs amounted to 34,500 RMB, including 5,200 RMB for fish species (Ukrainian: 4,000 RMB, others: 1,200 RMB).
4. Net profit was 2.74 RMB, with an average income of 1,826.67 RMB per mu and an input-output ratio of 1:1.79.
**VII. Summary and Discussion**
1. Using semi-open channels to mimic wild breeding was feasible and worth promoting, especially where sufficient feed is available.
2. The low survival rate (53.2%) was due to injuries during capture, handling, and transportation, as well as the high wildness of the fish, which led to fungal infections and a 30% mortality rate within a month. It is recommended to use farmed fish instead to improve survival rates.
3. Breeding Chinese black quail requires underwater and floating plants to improve water quality and provide cooling during hot months. Initially, plants should cover about 10% of the water surface, gradually increasing to 40% as temperatures rise, and decreasing to around 10% in winter.
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