Sawdust is commonly transformed into a soilless growing medium, offering an economical and effective alternative for hydroponic or soilless cultivation. It has several advantages that make it suitable for various agricultural applications. For instance, its lightweight nature makes it ideal for long-distance transportation or vertical farming in high-rise buildings, as it has a bulk density comparable to perlite and vermiculite. This feature also reduces the overall weight of the growing system, making it more practical for urban gardening and rooftop farms.
Another key property of sawdust is its excellent water absorption and drainage capability. It can retain moisture well while allowing excess water to drain away, which helps maintain a balanced moisture level for plant roots. Plants with thick roots tend to thrive in this environment, while those with fine roots benefit from the consistent humidity, especially in regions like southern cities or coastal areas where humidity is naturally higher. However, in drier northern regions, the high permeability of sawdust can lead to rapid drying of the root zone, potentially causing plant stress or death. To address this, it’s recommended to mix sawdust with peat moss, which improves moisture retention and creates a more stable growing environment.
Despite its benefits, sawdust has a high carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio—approximately 58.4% carbon, 0.26% nitrogen, 0.08% hydrogen, and 2.6% ash. This makes it a poor initial substrate for microbial activity and difficult to decompose naturally, often requiring a year or more for full breakdown. To speed up the process, biological composting agents like Gumbol can be used. These microorganisms help accelerate decomposition, but careful management is essential. A critical step in this process is adjusting the C/N ratio by adding nitrogen sources such as urea or poultry manure. This ensures proper microbial activity and leads to a more effective and mature compost product.
The fermentation process involves several steps. First, prepare the materials: 2 cubic meters of sawdust, one bag of microbial starter, 2 kg of urea (or 50–100 kg of poultry manure), and 5 kg of rice bran. Next, adjust the moisture content of the sawdust to around 60–65%. You can estimate this by squeezing a handful—if no water drips out and it feels moist but not soggy, it's ready. Mix the urea with water to create a nutrient-rich solution. Then, combine the microbial starter with rice bran to make it easier to distribute evenly throughout the sawdust pile. After mixing, sprinkle the urea solution over the pile and cover it with a breathable layer to promote aerobic fermentation.
After 7–10 days, the temperature inside the pile should rise to about 60°C. At this point, turn the pile once to ensure even decomposition and allow the heat to penetrate all parts of the material. Repeat this process when the temperature reaches 60°C again, then let the pile rest for another 5–7 days. When the temperature stabilizes below 40°C, the fermentation is complete. Under normal conditions, the entire process takes 25–30 days, though it may extend to 30–45 days if the material is not fully cooked. For more detailed guidance, visit the official website or consult with experts in soilless cultivation.
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