Daylilies, also known as Hemerocallis or Liancao, are a popular flower and vegetable with a long history of cultivation in China. They are valued for their high nutritional content and various health benefits. Proper fertilization is essential to ensure strong growth, high yield, and long-term productivity. Here are three key tips for fertilizing daylilies effectively.
First, apply base fertilizer before planting. Daylilies are perennial plants that require several years before they can be replanted, so it's crucial to provide adequate nutrients from the start. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the plant may experience delayed growth and lower yields. A common practice is to dig planting trenches 30 cm deep and fill them with well-decomposed organic matter such as 1,000–1,500 kg of fermented pig or cow manure per 667 m², along with 2,000–3,000 kg of compost or pond mud. Additionally, add more than 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Layer these materials into the trench, then cover with mature topsoil. Before planting, apply 1,500–2,000 kg of high-quality ash per 667 m², followed by 100–200 kg of diluted human urine or 750–1,000 kg of diluted pig urine as a top dressing. This ensures a balanced nutrient supply at different soil levels, supporting continuous growth and high yields. It’s important to use properly decomposed organic fertilizer and consider adding a starter solution to sterilize and disinfect it, helping prevent diseases and pests.
Second, apply additional fertilizers during key growth stages. There are three main periods: seedling fertilizer, bud fertilizer, and supplement fertilizer.
The seedling fertilizer is applied after the plants emerge in mid-February. At this stage, the focus is on promoting leaf growth and establishing a strong assimilation area. Apply 100–200 kg of human waste or 10 kg of calcium superphosphate plus 5–10 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m².
Next, the bud fertilizer should be applied when the calyx begins to differentiate and when buds start to form. Mix human urine with cake fertilizer for fermentation and apply it to promote healthy bud development. The recommended dosage is 12.5–15 kg of urea, 10–15 kg of superphosphate, and 10–12.5 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 m². The first application should be lighter, while the second one is more substantial, as the plant enters its reproductive phase and requires more nutrients.
Finally, the supplement fertilizer is used during the picking period. Since daylilies are harvested continuously over a long time, they need ongoing nutrient support. Apply 5–12.5 kg of urea per 667 m² every 10 days after the first harvest. You can also use foliar sprays containing 0.5–1% urea, 2% superphosphate (leached), and 0.2–0.3% potassium chloride, or 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to maintain green foliage and improve bud formation.
Third, consider using biological bacterial fertilizers. These contain beneficial microorganisms that help fix nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, and release potassium. They also include organic matter, humic acid, and trace elements, making them ideal for improving soil health and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. Combining them with other fertilizers can enhance soil structure, increase microbial activity, and lead to more sustainable and productive daylily cultivation.
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