First, Farming Security
1. Once the soil thaws in spring, it's important to plow it promptly. After cultivation, the soil moves upward, preventing moisture from evaporating. This practice also helps raise the soil temperature and improve aeration, which promotes microbial activity and speeds up the nitrification process. This is highly beneficial for root development and nutrient uptake. After each rainfall, it's ideal to cultivate the soil again, cutting the capillaries to reduce evaporation and water loss.
2. During the dry season, which typically runs from April to June, it's essential to loosen the soil and remove weeds. The frequency of weeding depends on the severity of drought and the density of weeds. Weeding during the early growth stage of weeds yields the best results, with a typical depth of 6-10 cm.
3. Before the rainy season begins (July to September), maintaining loose soil helps capture more rainwater, reducing soil erosion and runoff. It also helps cut some root systems, encouraging the plant to stop growing in time, which supports flower bud formation. However, in years with less rainfall, it's crucial to level the soil as soon as possible.
4. After fruit harvest, combine plowing with the application of base fertilizer to enhance water retention, improve soil permeability, and control pests. Immediately after the rainy season ends, protect the trees during their winter dormancy period.
Second, Mulching Security
1. Using organic mulch significantly reduces soil moisture evaporation, keeping the soil consistently moist (usually between 13-16%). Heavy rains won't cause runoff, thus preventing soil erosion and salt buildup. It also increases organic matter content and suppresses weed growth. The method involves using straw, weeds, or green manure cuttings, covering the orchard with 5-20 cm of mulch throughout the year. In areas where grass is abundant, the entire orchard should be covered. If possible, chop the materials and spread them evenly across the field. While the source of mulch may vary, it should only be used around tree trunks, ensuring proper thickness. Weeds can be used year-round. When applying mulch, ensure the area is protected from fire. After covering, place strips around the canopy edges to prevent wind from blowing away the mulch. In case of fire, this also helps contain its spread. Avoid placing anything on top of the mulch, as it can affect air circulation and reduce effectiveness.
2. Applying plastic mulch is highly effective in reducing soil moisture evaporation. It also allows deeper soil moisture to reach the tillage layer. Soil moisture levels can increase by 1 to 4%, improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil early on. Additionally, the increased reflected and scattered light improves light conditions between plants, which greatly benefits photosynthesis and fruit coloring. After spring rains, cover the trees with mulch and clear it in autumn during fertilization to avoid plastic film entering the soil, which could harm root growth.
Third, Snow Cover
Snow accumulation helps increase soil moisture in the tree area and protects the roots from freezing damage while reducing branch adhesion. This is an essential technique for boosting soil moisture in arid regions. During heavy snowfall in winter, collect snow from roads, fields, or other open areas and transport it to the orchard. Pile it under the tree drip line, level it, and compact it along the tree rows. Then cover it with soil or straw to ensure the snow melts properly into the ground.
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