Greenhouse cucumber grafting technology

Nutritional Soil Preparation

Composted pig manure was first sifted to remove any large particles, then mixed with sieved soil in a 3:1 ratio (soil to fertilizer). This mixture was used to create nutrient-rich soil for an 80-square-meter greenhouse. The proper preparation of the soil ensures that the plants receive the necessary nutrients for healthy growth.

Seedbed Preparation

Once moved into the greenhouse, two nursery beds measuring 5 meters long, 1.5 meters wide, and 8 centimeters above ground level were established. A total of seven such beds were required for the 80-meter shed. These seedbeds provided a controlled environment for the initial growth of the seedlings.

Seed Treatment

Cucumber seeds were soaked in water at 60°C to enhance germination. After cooling to 25–30°C, the seeds were rinsed thoroughly to remove the sticky coating from the outer shell. They were then soaked in 30°C water for four hours. Afterward, the seeds were wrapped in clean gauze and placed under a small quilt during the day, while being moved into the greenhouse at night to maintain a temperature below 35°C. The seeds were aired once daily, and by the third day, they were ready for sowing. Black amberjack seeds required a longer soaking time—13 hours—and were dried before planting without prior germination.

Nursery Management

Before sowing, the seedbeds were watered lightly. Cucumber seeds were sown on the first bed, spaced as widely as possible. The second bed was reserved for black squash seeds. After sowing, a 1 cm layer of soil was added on top of the cucumber seedbed. The cover soil was then treated with a diluted solution of a fungicide (800 times dilution) and covered with mulch. The greenhouse temperature was maintained at 35°C for the first three days. On the third day, a spray containing Sen Zinc, methyl thiol, and other liquid nutrients was applied. Five days after sowing, when the cucumber seedlings emerged, the temperature was adjusted to 27°C during the day and 14°C at night. For pumpkin seeds, the soil was covered with 2 cm of soil, and the same fungicide was used (500 times dilution). A plastic film and bamboo arches were installed, and the temperature was kept at 35°C. Once the seedlings emerged, the plastic and arches were removed, and a 400 times dilution of methyl isothiocyanate was sprayed. Pumpkin seeds were generally sown five days after cucumbers.

Grafting Process

Grafting should be performed when the cucumber seedlings are about 8–9 cm tall, and the pumpkin seedlings have just begun to develop their first true leaves. Grafting is typically done using the cleft method. A day before grafting, the seedlings were sprayed with a protective solution. During the process, both seedlings were carefully removed from the seedbed. The pumpkin seedling served as the rootstock, and a cut was made at a 25-degree angle from the top down. The cut was smooth, and a grafting clip was used to secure the union. The pumpkin seedling was positioned outside the clip to ensure proper alignment.

Post-Grafting Care

After grafting, the seedlings were planted in the seedbed at 10 x 10 cm intervals. Water was applied carefully along the sides to avoid wetting the soil directly. The soil temperature was maintained around 27°C during the day and no lower than 14°C at night. After transplanting, straw was used to shade the area as needed, and light intensity was adjusted. A mixture of chlorothalonil, dexamethasone, and thiophanate-methyl (400–500 times dilution) was sprayed every six days. Ten to fifteen days after grafting, the cucumber seedlings were transplanted, and roots were cut six days later. Throughout this period, close attention was paid to the seedlings, and straw was used to regulate light and temperature inside the greenhouse.

Planting and Colonization

The best time to plant the grafted seedlings is when they have developed 3–4 true leaves. Plants were spaced 27 cm apart in rows, with 40 cm between small rows and 80 cm between large rows. The ridge height was set to 20–25 cm. When planting, the first true leaf of each seedling was oriented toward the sun. After planting, a mulch was applied, and the seedlings were watered to help them settle. For the first five days, the greenhouse temperature was kept below 35°C to prevent heat stress.

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