Apple rot, also known as "rotten skin disease" or "stink bug disease," is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting apple trees in northern China. This disease primarily targets the trunk and main branches of fruit-bearing trees, leading to weakened tree vitality, branch dieback, and even tree death in severe cases. When left unchecked, it can destroy entire orchards and cause significant economic losses.
**Symptoms**
The disease mainly affects the trunk, main branches, young shoots, and fruits of apple trees. It manifests in two primary forms: ulcerous type and branch withering type.
In the **ulcerous type**, the affected bark shows reddish-brown, water-soaked elevations that are round or oval in shape. The tissue becomes soft, easily torn, and when pressed, exudes a yellow-brown liquid with a strong sour smell. As the disease progresses, the area dries out, shrinks, and develops cracks. Black spots appear on the surface, and under wet conditions, small dark spore masses may emerge.
The **branch withering type** typically affects 2- to 5-year-old branches. Lesions have unclear margins and do not show water-soaked symptoms. The infected branches quickly dry out, and black spots form on the surface. In severe cases, the disease can also affect the fruit, causing irregular, light brown lesions that rot and emit an unpleasant odor.
**Disease Cycle**
Apple rot has two major outbreak periods each year: March–April and July–September. In early spring, as temperatures rise and sap flow begins, nutrients shift toward new growth, leaving older branches with less nourishment. This weakens the tree’s resistance and creates favorable conditions for infection, leading to the first peak of disease occurrence.
From May to June, the tree regains vigor, and nutrient accumulation in the branches helps suppress disease progression. However, from July to September, as fruits grow rapidly, the tree's resources are diverted, reducing branch nutrition and allowing the disease to re-emerge, causing the second peak.
Tree health plays a critical role in disease severity. Factors such as nutrient imbalance, excessive fruiting, wounds, frost damage, poor fertilization, drought, early leaf fall, and heavy pest infestations can all contribute to more severe infections.
**Prevention and Control**
To manage apple rot effectively, proper orchard management is essential. Apply organic, phosphate, and potash fertilizers to maintain balanced nutrition. Thin fruit properly to avoid alternate bearing, and ensure timely irrigation in spring and autumn.
Minimize tree injuries by protecting cuts and saw wounds with healing agents like 843. Control pests to prevent early defoliation. After winter leaf fall, prepare a whitewash using lime, 20° Baume lime sulfur, salt, animal oil, and water in a ratio of 6:1:1:0.1:10, and apply it to the trunks.
Promptly remove diseased branches, scrape off infected bark, and destroy the debris. For treatment:
1. **Mud Application**: Mix clay with water and apply a 3–5 cm thick layer over the lesion, extending 4–5 cm beyond the affected area. Cover with plastic to keep it moist.
2. **Cutting**: Use a knife to make a circular cut 1 cm away from the lesion edge, cutting into the xylem. Apply 843 healing agent or 21% peracetic acid solution, ensuring coverage extends 3 cm beyond the lesion. Repeat every 1–2 months.
3. **Curettage**: Carefully remove the lesion with a sharp knife down to the xylem, and scrape 0.5–1 cm of healthy bark around the edges. Apply 45% dexamethasone, 5% mycorrhizal solution, or 843 healing agent.
Since the disease tends to recur, regular monitoring and timely treatment during summer and fall are crucial for long-term control.
Sour Gummy Candy
Introduction:
Are you a fan of the perfect combination of sweet and sour flavors? Look no further than Sour Gummy Candy – the ultimate treat for those seeking a tongue-tingling experience. Bursting with fruity goodness and a delightful tang, these candies have become a popular choice for both kids and adults alike. In this article, we will explore the irresistible charm of Sour Gummy Candy and why it deserves a spot in your snack collection.
1. A Flavor Explosion:
Sour Gummy Candy is renowned for its intense flavor profile that awakens your taste buds. With a delightful blend of mouth-puckering sourness and fruity sweetness, these candies offer an explosion of flavors with every bite. From zesty lemon and tangy lime to juicy strawberry and refreshing watermelon, each gummy candy is a burst of vibrant taste that will leave you craving for more.
2. Versatile Snacking Option:
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3. A Fun and Nostalgic Experience:
Sour Gummy Candy brings back memories of childhood for many, evoking a sense of nostalgia and joy. The vibrant colors, playful shapes, and the thrill of the sourness create a fun and exciting experience that transcends age. Whether you're reliving your childhood or introducing the joy of Sour Gummy Candy to a new generation, these candies are sure to bring smiles and laughter.
4. A Treat for All Ages:
Unlike some candies that are primarily enjoyed by children, Sour Gummy Candy has a broad appeal that transcends age groups. From kids who love the sour kick to adults who appreciate the burst of flavors, these candies are loved by all. They make for a perfect addition to birthday parties, family gatherings, or even as a little treat for yourself after a long day.
5. Quality Ingredients and Variety:
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Conclusion:
Sour Gummy Candy is more than just a sweet treat – it's an experience that tantalizes your taste buds with its tangy delight. With its intense flavors, versatility, and nostalgic appeal, these candies have become a beloved snack for people of all ages. So, why not indulge in the mouth-watering goodness of Sour Gummy Candy and add a burst of tangy joy to your snacking routine?
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