According to recent media reports, Amoi's lithium-ion battery model No. 4+3.7V1150mAh failed a thermal shock test at 150°C. Following an interview with Xia Xin, the reporter gathered more details about this incident and the broader context of battery testing standards in China.
The standard used in this test was GB/T 18287-2000, a regulation for cellular lithium-ion batteries introduced back in 2000. At that time, lithium-ion batteries were not widely used in mobile phones, which primarily relied on nickel-hydrogen and nickel-cadmium batteries. As a result, the testing procedures for lithium-ion batteries were adapted from those for other battery types, including the "thermal shock test at 150°C for 30 minutes."
Over the past two years, as mobile phones have become more powerful, demand for higher-capacity batteries has increased. The industry has gradually shifted towards larger lithium-ion batteries with longer life spans. However, no updated national standards for these batteries have been issued yet. This has led to ongoing debate over whether the 150°C or 130°C thermal shock test is more appropriate.
In 2000, when lithium-ion batteries were still small in capacity and energy density, the 150°C standard was acceptable. But as phone batteries have grown in size, especially those exceeding 1000 mAh, they often fail the 150°C test. Many large-capacity batteries can only pass the 130°C test, which has caused long-standing controversy in the industry.
In 2003, the Ministry of Information Industry released YD1268-2003, a safety standard for lithium batteries in mobile communication devices, changing the thermal shock test temperature to 130°C. This became widely adopted in the industry. In 2005, a revised national standard was proposed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, but its official release was delayed. Internationally, standards such as UL and CE also moved to 130°C around the same time.
Amoi confirmed during the interview that all their lithium-ion batteries are tested according to industry standards, including the 130°C thermal shock test. Their 4+3.7V1150mAh model passed this test and is used in overseas markets, where it has received positive feedback. Most manufacturers and phone companies now use 130°C as the standard, making it the de facto benchmark in the industry.
The thermal shock test involves heating the battery to 150°C at a rate of 5°C/min and holding it there for 30 minutes. It is a destructive test designed to simulate extreme conditions. However, consumers rarely encounter such temperatures during normal use. Even 130°C is far beyond typical operating conditions. Most batteries, including those from Amoi, come with warnings advising users not to expose them to fire or high heat.
In addition to the thermal shock test, several other provisions in the old 2000 standard have sparked debate. With the upcoming introduction of a new national standard, the industry is eagerly awaiting clearer guidelines to ensure both safety and performance.
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