In addition to root fertilization during the growth of vegetables, foliar sprays play a crucial role in enhancing plant health and productivity. The type and method of foliar fertilizer application vary depending on the vegetable species, as each has unique nutritional needs.
**1. Leafy Vegetables**
Vegetables like cabbage, spinach, and leeks have a high demand for nitrogen. Therefore, foliar sprays should primarily consist of urea or ammonium sulfate. The recommended concentration for urea is 1% to 2%, while ammonium sulfate should be applied at 1.5%. These sprays should be applied 2 to 4 times per season, ideally during the early growth stages to maximize nutrient absorption.
**2. Fruit-bearing Vegetables**
For crops such as peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, beans, and melons, a balanced NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) supply is essential. A mixture of 1% to 2% urea and 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or a 2% compound fertilizer solution, is effective. Spraying should occur once or twice during the early and late growth phases. Applying it in the later stages helps prevent premature aging and improves overall yield and fruit quality.
**3. Root Vegetables**
Vegetables like garlic, onions, radishes, and potatoes require more phosphorus and potassium. Foliar sprays should include a mix of phosphorus and potassium, or a compound fertilizer. A 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 10% ash leachate can be used. It is best to apply these sprays 3 to 4 times throughout the growing season for optimal results.
**4. Additional Tips**
Foliar spraying is most effective during cloudy days or in the late afternoon when sunlight is less intense. Each spray should cover approximately 30–50 kilograms per mu (about 667 square meters), ensuring the leaves are evenly moistened without runoff. Depending on the specific needs of the plants, micro-nutrient supplements can be added to enhance yield and quality. However, care must be taken to avoid mixing acidic and alkaline solutions, as this may reduce effectiveness. Proper timing and technique can make foliar feeding a highly efficient and cost-effective part of your vegetable cultivation strategy.
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