Foliar sprays play a crucial role in vegetable cultivation, complementing the root fertilization applied during the growth period. The type and method of foliar fertilization vary depending on the kind of vegetable being grown. Understanding these differences can significantly improve crop yield and quality.
**1. Leafy Vegetables**
Vegetables like cabbage, spinach, and leeks have high nitrogen needs. Therefore, foliar sprays should primarily consist of urea or ammonium sulfate. Urea should be sprayed at a concentration of 1% to 2%, while ammonium sulfate should be used at 1.5%. These sprays should be applied 2 to 4 times per season, ideally during the early growth stages to promote healthy leaf development.
**2. Fruit-Bearing Vegetables**
For vegetables such as peppers, eggplants, tomatoes, beans, and melons, a balanced NPK ratio is essential. A mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium or a compound fertilizer is recommended. A solution containing 1% to 2% urea and 0.3% to 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or a 2% compound fertilizer solution, works well. These sprays are typically applied once or twice during the early and late growth phases. Spraying in the later stages helps prevent early aging, enhances plant vitality, and contributes to higher yields.
**3. Root Vegetables**
Root vegetables like garlic, onions, radishes, and potatoes require more phosphorus and potassium. Foliar sprays should include a mix of phosphorus and potassium or a compound fertilizer. A 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 10% wood ash leachate can be effective. It’s recommended to apply these sprays 3 to 4 times throughout the growing season for optimal results.
**4. Important Considerations**
Foliar spraying is most effective when done on cloudy days or in the late afternoon when sunlight is less intense. Each application should provide 30–50 kg of spray per mu (approximately 667 square meters) to ensure even coverage without over-saturation. Adjustments based on the specific trace element needs of the crops can enhance productivity and quality. However, it's important to avoid mixing acidic and alkaline substances, as this may reduce the effectiveness of the nutrients. Using foliar sprays not only saves labor but also provides quick nutrient absorption, making it a valuable tool in modern vegetable farming.
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