In recent times, many vegetable farmers have reported that their crops are suffering from a high incidence of empty fruits, which has significantly impacted their yields and quality. The causes behind this issue and the effective prevention and control measures are outlined below.
First, let's explore the main causes:
1. **Hormone Misuse**: Two days before flowering, farmers often spray hormone-based substances on flower buds and stalks to boost fruit set. However, improper application can lead to rapid fruit development that outpaces natural pollination. This can cause early maturation, with the placenta failing to develop properly, resulting in hollow or empty fruits.
2. **Insufficient Light**: When plants receive inadequate sunlight, photosynthesis is reduced, leading to lower nutrient supply for fruit development. This can result in underdeveloped fruits with empty cavities inside.
3. **High Temperatures**: When temperatures exceed 35°C for extended periods, it can disrupt normal fertilization and fruit development. High heat accelerates cell division and seed maturation in the pulp tissue, but this process often doesn't align with the overall fruit growth, leading to empty fruits.
4. **Nutrient Deficiency**: Large-fruit varieties require significant nutrients during the late growth stages. If the plant cannot meet these demands, there may be insufficient carbohydrate accumulation, resulting in empty or poorly developed fruits.
5. **Improper Watering**: Inconsistent or incorrect watering during the fruiting stage can cause uneven growth between the fruit peel and the internal tissues, leading to hollow fruits.
Now, let's look at the control methods to address these issues:
1. **Choose Suitable Varieties**: It’s advisable to grow varieties known for having more chambers or better fruit development, which can reduce the likelihood of empty fruits.
2. **Optimize Temperature and Light Conditions**: Ensure good light and temperature conditions for fruit development. During cloudy weather, increase daytime temperatures and maintain nighttime temperatures around 17°C. Avoid temperatures below 10°C during critical flower bud differentiation stages. Also, prevent temperatures above 35°C during flowering to avoid damage to pollination and placental development.
3. **Use Growth Regulators Wisely**: During flowering, use vibration pollination to enhance fertilization. Then apply a solution of 15–20 ppm of rhizome extract, which helps prevent blossom drop and promotes fruit enlargement.
4. **Improve Fertilizer and Water Management**: Apply scientifically formulated fertilizers with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Adjust the root-to-shoot ratio to ensure harmonious vegetative and reproductive growth, supporting healthy and full fruits.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence of empty fruits and improve overall crop quality and yield.
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