During the summer silkworm season, temperatures rise, pathogens multiply rapidly, and pests thrive. This period also brings increased pesticide use, which can be harmful to silkworms. To ensure healthy silkworm rearing, it's essential to implement five key strategies:
1. **Heat Protection**: Silkworms thrive at 24°C for young ones and 27°C for older ones. However, during late June to mid-July, indoor temperatures often reach 30°C, which is not ideal. To combat this, create a cooler microclimate by using trampolines, which are about 2°C cooler than outside. Keep doors and windows closed after feeding to prevent hot air from entering. Planting shade trees around the silkworm room and using water sprays or fans can further help in cooling.
2. **Adequate Feeding**: High temperatures accelerate silkworm growth, so they need more mulberry leaves. Increase the amount or frequency of feedings to meet their nutritional needs. Even if the growth cycle shortens, proper feeding ensures better development and higher cocoon production.
3. **Disease Prevention**: Pathogens accumulate quickly during warm weather, increasing the risk of disease. Before starting the rearing process, disinfect all tools and silkworms. After sterilization, let them rest for 3–4 days to eliminate any remaining pathogens. Use lime powder or specific disease control agents like "Disease Prevention No. 1" during the rearing period to maintain hygiene and prevent outbreaks.
4. **Pest Control**: During the dry and hot season, pests like red spiders and mulberry hoppers damage mulberry leaves, reducing both quality and yield. Two to three days before rearing, spray 25% dimethoate emulsion diluted 1,500 times on the underside of leaves to kill red spiders, and apply 80% dichlorvos emulsion at 2,000 times to control mulberry hoppers. This ensures that only high-quality leaves are used for feeding.
5. **Avoiding Phytotoxicity**: Pesticide use during summer poses a serious threat to silkworms. Always monitor wind direction when applying chemicals near mulberry fields. Avoid using insecticides that could harm silkworms. If contamination occurs, immediately remove affected silkworms, provide fresh non-toxic mulberry leaves, or spray 1% lime water mixed with 500 times diluted adrenaline to help detoxify them.
By following these five measures, you can significantly improve the health and productivity of your summer silkworms.
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