During the summer silkworm season, high temperatures, increased pathogens, rapid reproduction of mulberry pests, and heavy pesticide pollution create challenging conditions for silkworm rearing. To ensure healthy silkworm growth, it's essential to implement five key measures:
1. **Fight High Temperatures**: The ideal temperature for large and small silkworms is 24°C and 27°C, respectively. However, from late June to mid-July, indoor temperatures often exceed 30°C, which can hinder silkworm development. Creating a favorable microclimate is crucial. Young silkworms (1–3 days old) should be kept in a trampoline, where the temperature is about 2°C cooler than outside. After feeding, close doors and windows to prevent hot air from entering. Planting shade trees around the silkworm room and covering them with tiles can help reduce heat. Spraying water or using fans can also provide cooling relief.
2. **Prevent Hunger**: High temperatures accelerate silkworm growth, increasing their food intake. Therefore, it's important to increase the amount or frequency of mulberry leaf feeding to meet their nutritional needs. Even though the growth period may be shortened, proper feeding ensures strong development and higher cocoon production.
3. **Disease Control**: Pathogens accumulate in both indoor and outdoor environments during this time, making silkworms more susceptible to illness. Before rearing, all tools and silkworms must be disinfected. After sterilization, silkworms should be exposed for 3–4 days to kill any remaining pathogens. During the rearing period, use fresh lime powder or disease prevention agent No. 1 to maintain hygiene and control disease outbreaks.
4. **Pest Management**: In hot and dry weather, pests like red spider mites and mulberry hoppers damage mulberry leaves, reducing both quality and yield. This affects the nutrition of silkworms, leading to weaker bodies and lower cocoon production. Four to five days before rearing, spray 25% dimethoate emulsion diluted at 1,500 times to kill red spiders, and apply 80% dichlorvos emulsion diluted at 2,000 times to eliminate mulberry hoppers. This helps maintain leaf quality and supports healthy silkworm growth.
5. **Avoid Phytotoxicity**: Summer crops are frequently treated with pesticides, especially insecticides, which can be harmful to silkworms. Always check wind direction when applying pesticides to avoid contaminating mulberry plants. Avoid using insecticides near silkworm areas and opt for safer alternatives if possible. When harvesting leaves from nearby fields, conduct test feedings to ensure no toxic effects. If poisoning occurs, remove silkworms from contaminated areas, feed them fresh non-toxic mulberry leaves, or spray 1% lime water or 500-times diluted adrenaline on the leaves to aid detoxification.
By following these five strategies, farmers can better protect their silkworms and improve overall productivity during the challenging summer season.
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