In recent years, many vegetable farmers have reported a significant issue with empty fruits in their crops. This phenomenon not only affects yield but also reduces the quality of the produce. Below are the main causes and effective prevention strategies to address this problem.
First, let's look at the reasons behind empty fruits:
1. **Hormone Imbalance**: Two days before flowering, farmers often apply hormone-based sprays to boost fruit set. However, improper use can cause fruits to develop too quickly, leading to early maturation. The placenta may not develop properly, resulting in hollow or empty fruits inside the ovary.
2. **Insufficient Light**: When plants don't receive enough sunlight, photosynthesis is reduced, limiting the nutrients available for fruit development. This can lead to underdeveloped or empty fruits.
3. **High Temperatures**: If temperatures exceed 35°C for extended periods, it can disrupt normal fruit development. High heat accelerates metabolism and cell division in some tissues, but this doesn't always align with overall fruit growth, leading to empty cavities.
4. **Nutrient Deficiency**: Large-fruit varieties require a lot of nutrients. If the plant cannot meet its nutritional needs during the later stages of growth, carbohydrate accumulation decreases, resulting in poor fruit development and empty fruits.
5. **Improper Watering**: Inconsistent or incorrect watering during the fruiting stage can cause the fruit peel to grow unevenly, which may result in hollow or empty fruits.
Now, here are some effective control measures:
1. **Choose Suitable Varieties**: Opt for plant varieties that are known to have more chambers or better fruit setting abilities, which can reduce the occurrence of empty fruits.
2. **Optimize Temperature and Light Conditions**: Ensure proper light exposure and maintain ideal temperature ranges. During cloudy days, raise daytime temperatures and keep nighttime temperatures around 17°C. Avoid temperatures below 10°C during flower bud differentiation, and prevent high temperatures above 35°C during flowering to support proper fertilization and placenta development.
3. **Use Growth Regulators Wisely**: During the flowering period, use vibration pollination to enhance natural fertilization. Then, spray a solution of 15–20 ppm of rhizome extract, which helps prevent blossom drop and promotes fruit enlargement.
4. **Improve Fertilizer and Water Management**: Apply a balanced fertilizer formula that includes appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Adjust the root-to-shoot ratio to ensure a balance between vegetative and reproductive growth, supporting healthy and uniform fruit development.
By understanding these causes and implementing the right management practices, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence of empty fruits and improve overall crop quality.
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