The 20 to 25 days between planting and harvesting the root melons mark the pre-harvest period. During this time, key management practices include temperature control, water regulation, soil cultivation, and protecting the seedlings. About 5 to 7 days before transplanting, it's important to maintain a closed environment with daytime temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, and nighttime temperatures between 15°C and 18°C. The soil temperature should be kept at 20°C to 25°C. After the seedlings have acclimated, gradually lower the temperature: keep it around 22°C to 25°C during the day and 15°C at night.
Typically, two to three days after planting, a small amount of water should be poured into the furrows, followed by loosening the soil. Loosen the soil 3 to 4 times over 4 to 5 days to help maintain soil temperature and encourage root development. When the greenhouse temperature rises above 30°C during the day, ventilate the area. Once the outside temperature reaches 20°C or higher, open the bottom vents. Water the plants once when the root melons begin to swell, and after watering, increase ventilation and loosen the soil again. Remove any excess male flowers that appear early to prevent unnecessary nutrient consumption. Female flowers can be treated with 20 to 30 ppm of 2,4-D or manually pollinated before 9 am to improve fruit set. Each plant usually produces 2 to 3 vines, and there's no need for pruning. Harvest the first fruits early, when they reach about 250 grams.
After the initial harvest, the melons continue to grow on the 4th and 5th nodes, and this stage lasts approximately 40 to 50 days. The focus during this period is to strengthen fertilization and irrigation management, prevent high temperatures, and control excessive vine growth. Once the minimum nighttime temperature exceeds 15°C, the greenhouse should be fully ventilated throughout the day. Daytime air temperatures should be maintained at 25°C to 28°C, and nighttime temperatures between 15°C and 20°C. Water the plants every 5 to 7 days, making sure to water two days before each harvest and avoiding watering for three days after picking to help manage diseases. Apply fertilizer with each watering, using about 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per acre. Continue using 2,4-D and manual pollination as needed. After three harvests per plant, if the foliage becomes too dense, remove some vines as necessary to improve air circulation.
In the later stages of fruit development, each plant will typically bear 4 to 5 squash. At this point, the plants may become weaker, so minimal intervention is required. Remove any yellowing or old leaves and continue proper fertilization and watering to support the existing fruits. This ensures the quality of the melons remains high even as the growing season comes to an end.
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